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New Netherland, New York Genealogy
Obsolete Occupations of the Netherlands
© Cor Snabel
Hawker and peddler (marskramer and leurder)
The traveling merchant has always been a controversial
person; the established shopkeeper tried to banish him from
his territory and was always assisted in this struggle by
the guilds. The shopkeeper had the burden of a mortgage,
rent or taxes, even in slack season, like in winter. The
hawker was free of those costs, so he could offer his
merchandise much cheaper than his city rival and that was
considered to be unfair competition. But not only the hawker
was a threat, the guilds also tried to banish the street
vendor. Regulations were issued, that only stores and
warehouses were allowed to sell certain articles and that
the merchandise could not be exposed on the streets or in a
vehicle. But all these restrictions did not stop the hawker
and all other traveling merchants.
We knew a few kinds of these traveling merchants: first the
hawker (marskramer), who traveled from village to village in
his own area, known by almost every villager and farmer. He
had his variety of merchandise, like ribbons, buttons,
clocks, anything light, because he had to carry it in his
–mars-, a basket, which he carried on his back. He was
considered to be a more or less reliable merchant. The
street vendor had his own territory too, but he (or she) did
not have his own costumers, usually he roamed the streets
announcing his presence by yelling, singing or other noises.
Most of them had their own special merchandise, The third
category was the leurder (maybe translated as peddler); his
position was close to the odd-jobber or even the beggar. He
went from house to house, peddling his merchandise, which
could be anything.
>Choose from the following ancient occupations
Baker |
Beachcomber |
Beguine |
Candlemaker |
Dumpman |
Executioner |
Fanmaker |
Fireman |
Gravedigger |
Innkeeper |
Laundrywoman |
Nightwatch |
Peddlar |
Porter |
Seat Caretaker |
Ship Shanghai |
Soapmaker |
Streetpaver |
Tolltaker |
Pharmacist
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